My Austrian cousins/ DNA matches have provided me with more information, which along with affordable copies of documents, has allowed me to fill in the story of my Burgenland immigrant ancestors.
I knew my own ancestors came to American, but didn't know how many of their siblings did. My great-grandparents Frank Kappel and Maria Kurta immigrated to America in the 1890's. I collected up all the information I could find about them.
When the Ellis Island records came online I was able to find my great-grandparent's and two great-great-grandfathers Christian Koppel and Johann Kurta. According an obituary from the early 1930's all but one Kurta sibling was living in America in 1932.
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| "Allentown Morning Call" 1932 |
With this information and that provided by my Austrian cousins I have found more documentation for the family.
Johann Kurta father of this family was born 1 March 1852 in Inzenhof now Burgenland, Austria
On the passenger list he appears on he is said to be a smith by occupation and he names his son-in-law Frank Kepel (Kappel) as a relative living in Egypt, Pennsylvania, which was also his final destination. He sailed aboard the ship S.S. Westernland which sailed out of Antwerp, Belgium.
Julia Kurta-Deutsch born 27 September 1882 in Inzenhof now Burgeland Austria
She came to America in 1899, a year after her sister and my great-grandmother immigrated to America.She gave the address of my great-grandparents and named Frank Kappel as her brother-in-law. She arrived at the Port of New York where she would have taken a train to Allentown, Pennsylvania where she would join her sister and brother-in-law.
She married in 1902. She was a minor and her father Johann gave her his permission to marry. Julia's occupation was Cigar Marker and her husband Andrew Deutsch was a wire worker.
Rosina/Rose/Rozalia Kurta- Nüsslein was born 8 February 1885 in Inzenhof now Burgenland, Austria.
My aunt Loretta and I match the Kurta/Nüsslein family of Austria at FamilyTree DNA and MyHeritage. Rose (Rosina) Kurta/Nüsslein was the sister of my ancestor Maria Kurta/Kappel.
Filling in Rosina's story begins with her immigration to America through the port of New York in 1902. Maybe she came to attend her sister Julia's wedding?
Instead of naming her sister or brother-in-law as relatives she named her father Johann Kurta who she said was living in McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania (I had a great deal of difficulty deciphering the name of that place) . The woman listed above her gave my great-grandmother's name as a relative. Maria's address was the same as her father Johann.
She stayed on in Pennsylvania where she apparently met her husband George Nüsslein who she married in 1904 in Butler, Pennsylvania. Rosina's occupation was said to be housekeeper and her husband George was a baker.
I didn't know the marriage photos her descendant shared with me were taken in Pennsylvania. I had assumed she married in Austria.
Another photo of Rosina should have been a clue that she married in America because she is wearing light colored modern clothing which wouldn't have been worn in Inzenhof where adult women wore dark colors. The photo below is part of the set taken for her wedding in 1904.
The Nüsslein decided to return to Europe around 1907 when they purchased a farm in Hart, Pischelsdorf, Austria where they remained for the rest of their lives.
Anna Barbara Nüsslein was born 6 July 1909 in Hart, Austria (my grandfather Rudolph Christian Kapple was born in April 1909, also in Hart, Austria). Anna married into the Jandl family. A Jandl cousin, Anna's son is a 2nd cousin match for my aunt Loretta on the atDNA at Family Tree DNA and MyHeritage.
The sons came later
The Kurta daughters came to America first. Possibly they came to find a husband, because all 3 of them married in America. With so much out migration from what is today Burgenland it was likely to be difficult to find young men to marry as they were coming to America to work.The sons of Johann Kurta and Anna Jost were younger than their daughters (with the exception of Stephen who probably stayed in Austria). These boys didn't come to America until they were thought to be old enough to travel alone. They remained in Inzenhof with their mother Anna Kurta nee Jost when their father spent time in America.
John Kurta was born 27th June 1889 in Inzenhof now Burgenland, Austria
John Kurta came to America in 1907. He gives the address of his brother-in-law Frank Kappel and misidentifies him as his uncle.
Johann Kurta Jr. filed his declaration of intention to become a United States Citizen in 1909. The ship he arrived on seems to be misidentified as Vaterland, the ship his sister and bother took in 1910. The actual passenger list appears to say Zeeland.
We learn more about Johann/John from his Declaration of Intention for naturalization. His hair is said to have been blond his eyes brown, and he is 5'6 in height. He worked as a brewer. A profession that would end when prohibition was instituted in 1920.
We learn more about Johann/John from his Declaration of Intention for naturalization. His hair is said to have been blond his eyes brown, and he is 5'6 in height. He worked as a brewer. A profession that would end when prohibition was instituted in 1920.
According to Johann's WWI Draft registration he was working as a brewer at the Northampton Brewing Company. He says he has a wife and two children to support when he registers for the draft in 1917. He was married to a Justina Oswald. I have not been able to find a marriage record of this couple.
In 1920 John Kurta and family appear on the 1920 Census for Northampton, Pennsylvania. His former employment at the brewery likely ended with prohibition he now worked at a cement mill. I would suspect that a cement mill job was less desirable than a brewery job.
It appears John Kurta worked his way out of the cement mill, or the depression eliminated his job? According to the US 1930 Census John Kurta now owned his own farm. This sounds like wonderful progress but the depression lowered the prices of farm produce and farmers struggled.
We see below that John Kurter/Kurta is listed in the 1930 Census with sons but not his wife Justina?
Justina/Gustina was an inmate in the Allentown State Insane Asylum in 1930. Some immigrants to the United States from different cultures had difficulty adjusting to life here. Cultural differences, coupled with financial uncertainly, drove some to insanity.
The stress of upended careers, a wife in an asylum, and left to raise his children alone appears to have caused John's health to suffer. He died on 21 August 1932 at the young age of 43. He died of TB which was often caused by poverty, and a weak immune system.
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| Allentown "Morning Call" 22 August 1932 |
Frank Kurta was born 1 May 1884 in Inzenhof now Burgenland, Austria
Frank Kurta came to America in 1910 on the same ship, Vaterland, as his sister who was returning to America from a visit to Austria. This passenger list states Frank was blind in one eye. He came with an MD's Certificate which stated his disability.
I have not found a marriage record for Frank Kurta. He was still single when he registered for the WWI draft in 1917. Here we find his birth information confirmed. He is living in Chicago and working for McAvoy Brewery as a bottler. He is described as medium height and complexion, with light brown eyes and hair.
One reason why I can't find much about Frank could be that he fell on hard times after the McAvoy brewery closed down in 1920 when prohibition was enforced.
Joseph Kurta was born 7 March 1887 in Inzenhof now Burgenland, Austria
Joseph Kurta came to America in 1905 with his sister Maria. He gave the address and named his brother-in-law Frank Kappel as the person he was joining in America, and of course Maria named Frank as her husband.
I haven't been able to find much out about Joseph Kurta.
He married a Cecilia Brunner on 6 Feb 1915 in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania. Cecilia like her sister-in-law Julia Kurta-Deutsch worked as a cigar marker which may be how her brother met Cecilia? The marriage record also confirms that Joseph's father was a blacksmith.
I also found Joseph living in Sayre, Pennsylvania on the 1930 Census the same place he was said to be living in the obituary of his brother John Kurta. He was a laborer on the steam railroad. He said he was still married but he was not living with his wife, instead he was living in a boarding house.
When Joseph Kurta registers for the draft during WWII he does not mention his wife but instead gives the name of his sister Julia Kurta-Deutsch. A description of him states he is 5'5" in height and weighs 180 pounds. He has brown hair and blue eyes. He no longer works for the steam railroad. He has scars on his left thumb which perhaps he got while working for the railroad?
Joseph Kurta died 23 August 1954. The prayer card for Joseph Kurta is still in the possession of the descendants of Rosina Kurta-Nuesslein's family in Austria.
Herman Kurta was born 24th of July in 1891 in Inzenhof now in Burgenland, Austria
He came to America 1910 through the port of New York.
Herman Kurta registered for the draft during WWI and named his wife and child Arthur as dependants. His occupation was driving a milk wagon.
In 1920, according to the US Census, he was working in the car shop for a railroad car manufacturer, and living with Anna his wife and Arthur his son. My great-uncle Steve Kappel was also living in his Uncle's household also working for the same railroad car manufacturer; likely the company his father worked for Pullman.
Herman Kurta had a family photo taken with himself, his wife Anna, and an unknown man who could be Steve Kappel or his brother Frank Kurta?
The changing economic climate during the Depression also resulted in a career change for Herman who was listed as working as a cook in a Diner along with his wife Anna (nicknamed Daisy) according to the 1940 Census. I'm not sure if they were owners of the Diner or they were employees there?
Herman P. Kurta/Curta died 10 December 1959 in Chicago, Cook County, Illinois.
Ferdinand/Nandor Kurta born 7 January 1899 in Inzenhof now Burgenland, Austria
According to his brother John's obituary Ferdinand came to America and lived in Chicago, Illinois.
I first learned about Ferdinand from a couple of photos of him sent to me by our Austrian cousins..I didn't have any information about Ferdinand until I paged through the Rabafuzes Civil Registration records at FamilySearch.org and found his birth information.
The fact that Ferdinand sent a postcard from the Rose Hotel in Kormend with his photo on it to his sister, likely when he was in his teens, means he was still living in the Burgenland area during WWI. It was more difficult to immigrate to the United States during the 1920's and later.
A photo of him with a woman and child (maybe his wife and child?) was likely taken in the 1920's. The little boy has an Austrian style hat so I'm thinking this photo was taken in Austria? It's possible Ferdinand came to the United States but didn't stay?
Brother named Brothers not named in obituary?
Another brother named Frederick was said to be living in Europe? I haven't found a brother named Frederick in the church or Civil Registration records? I have a Vincze not named in the obituary and a Stephen. I initially found Stephen when I first began research in the church records 20 years ago. The church records on microfilm at the Family History Library in Salt Lake City, UT, and the digitized records at Familysearch.org, end with the 1895 church records. However the Civil Registration records, which are also digitized, pickup where those leave off.Because the Civil records begin in 1895 I was able to find Vincze's birth record. I first learned about him because my great-uncle Joseph Kappel mentioned him on a passenger list when he returned to America in 1922 after being raised by family in Austria (which is another story, for another time). Joseph stated he had an uncle named Vincze Kurta living in Inzenhof.
I thought he may have been wrong about the name but Johann Kurta's death record has a Vince as the person who reported Johann's death.
Mysteries remain
I haven't been able to find Ferdinand in any American records, his brothers in America are missing from some of the censuses they should appear on. There should be a marriage record for John Kurta.
I also have an unidentified brother whose photo is below? I believe he isn't Herman or Ferdinand. He may be John, Joseph, Frank, or Vince?
The Story of the Kurta Immigrants
The story of the Kurta Immigrants is a story familiar to many families who immigrated from Burgenland, Austria. They followed the same migration paths as their neighbors, and worked for the same companies. They fell victim to economic downturns, and some decided to return to the old country. Other prospered and stayed.
I didn't know anyone in my family worked in breweries, but now I know Frank and John Kurta both worked in breweries, and both likely lost their jobs due to prohibition. I'm sure other Burgenland immigrants fell victim to prohibition layoffs in bars and breweries.
These families had to weather the Great Depression. We know John Kurta didn't make it to see the end of the Depression, but other family members did and worked there way up into the middle class. It took a lot of courage for them to come to a country where they didn't speak the language, and where they faced some discrimination. They toughed it out and made it anyway, and I salute them for that.
